▶ 調査レポート

電子レンジのグローバル市場(2023年-2031年):従来型、グリル、ソロ

• 英文タイトル:Microwave Oven Market (Type: Conventional, Grill, and Solo; and Structure: Built-in, and Countertop) - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast, 2023-2031

Transparency Market Researchが調査・発行した産業分析レポートです。電子レンジのグローバル市場(2023年-2031年):従来型、グリル、ソロ / Microwave Oven Market (Type: Conventional, Grill, and Solo; and Structure: Built-in, and Countertop) - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast, 2023-2031 / MRC2309A046資料のイメージです。• レポートコード:MRC2309A046
• 出版社/出版日:Transparency Market Research / 2023年7月3日
• レポート形態:英文、PDF、170ページ
• 納品方法:Eメール
• 産業分類:消費財
• 販売価格(消費税別)
  Single User¥857,660 (USD5,795)▷ お問い合わせ
  Multi User¥1,301,660 (USD8,795)▷ お問い合わせ
  Corporate License¥1,745,660 (USD11,795)▷ お問い合わせ
• ご注文方法:お問い合わせフォーム記入又はEメールでご連絡ください。
• お支払方法:銀行振込(納品後、ご請求書送付)
レポート概要
電子レンジ市場 - レポートの範囲TMRの電子レンジ世界市場に関する調査レポートは、2023年から2031年までの予測期間における市場の指標に関する貴重な洞察を得るために、過去だけでなく現在の成長動向と機会を調査しています。2023年を基準年、2031年を予測年として、2017年から2031年までの電子レンジの世界市場の収益を提供しています。また、2023年から2031年までの世界の電子レンジ市場の複合年間成長率(CAGR %)も掲載しています。

本レポートは広範な調査の後に作成されました。主要オピニオンリーダー、業界リーダー、オピニオンメーカーへのインタビューを実施しました。二次調査では、電子レンジ市場を理解するために、主要企業の製品資料、年次報告書、プレスリリース、関連文書を参照しました。

二次調査には、インターネットソース、政府機関の統計データ、ウェブサイト、業界団体も含まれます。アナリストは、世界の電子レンジ市場の様々な属性を調査するために、トップダウンアプローチとボトムアップアプローチの組み合わせを採用しました。

本レポートには、調査範囲に含まれる様々なセグメントの成長動向のスナップショットと共に、詳細なエグゼクティブサマリーが含まれています。さらに、このレポートは世界の電子レンジ市場における競争ダイナミクスの変化に光を投げかけています。これらは、既存の市場プレーヤーだけでなく、世界の電子レンジ市場への参入に関心のある企業にとっても貴重なツールとなります。

本レポートは、世界の電子レンジ市場の競争状況について掘り下げています。世界の電子レンジ市場で活動している主要企業が特定され、それぞれの企業が様々な属性でプロファイリングされています。会社概要、財務状況、最近の動向、SWOTは、本レポートで紹介されている電子レンジの世界市場におけるプレイヤーの属性です。

電子レンジの世界市場レポートで回答された主な質問
- 予測期間中の全地域で電子レンジが生み出す売上/収益は?
- 世界の電子レンジ市場における機会は?
- 市場の主な促進要因、阻害要因、機会、脅威は?
- 予測期間中に最も速いCAGRで拡大する地域市場は?
- 2031年に世界で最も高い収益を上げると予測されるセグメントは?
- 予測期間中に最も高いCAGRで拡大すると予測されるセグメントは?
- 世界市場で事業展開している各企業の市場ポジションは?

電子レンジ市場 - 調査目的と調査アプローチ
電子レンジの世界市場に関する包括的なレポートは、概要から始まり、調査範囲と目的が続きます。本レポートでは、本調査の目的、市場で事業展開している主要ベンダーや流通業者、製品認可のための規制シナリオについて詳しく解説しています。

本レポートは、読みやすさを考慮し、各セクションを章ごとに分割したレイアウトになっています。本レポートは、グラフと表を適切に配置した網羅的なコレクションで構成されています。主要セグメントの実績値と予測値を図式化することで、読者に視覚的に訴えかけます。また、過去と予測期間末の主要セグメントの市場シェアの比較も可能です。

本レポートでは、世界の電子レンジ市場を製品、エンドユーザー、地域の観点から分析。各基準の主要セグメントを詳細に調査し、2031年末の各セグメントにおける市場シェアを掲載しています。このような貴重な洞察は、市場関係者が世界の電子レンジ市場への投資のための情報に基づいたビジネス上の意思決定を行うことを可能にします。

1. 序論
2. 仮定
3. 調査方法
4. エグゼクティブサマリー
5. 市場概要
6. 世界の電子レンジの分析&予測:タイプ別
7. 世界の電子レンジの分析&予測:構造別
8. 世界の電子レンジの分析&予測:出力別
9. 世界の電子レンジの分析&予測:流通チャンネル別
10. 世界の電子レンジの分析&予測:地域別
11. 北米の電子レンジ市場の分析&予測
12. ヨーロッパの電子レンジ市場の分析&予測
13. アジア太平洋地域の電子レンジ市場の分析&予測
14. 中東・アフリカの電子レンジ市場の分析&予測
15. 南米の電子レンジ市場の分析&予測
16. 競争状況
17. 市場参入戦略

レポート目次

1. Preface
    1.1. Market Definition and Scope
    1.2. Market Segmentation
    1.3. Key Research Objectives
    1.4. Research Highlights
2. Assumptions
3. Research Methodology
4. Executive Summary
5. Market Overview
    5.1. Market Dynamics
        5.1.1. Drivers
        5.1.2. Restraints
        5.1.3. Opportunities
    5.2. Key Trends Analysis
        5.2.1. Demand Side Analysis
        5.2.2. Supply Side Analysis
    5.3. Key Market Indicators
    5.4. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
    5.5. Value Chain Analysis
    5.6. Industry SWOT Analysis
    5.7. COVID-19 Impact Analysis
    5.8. Regulatory Framework
    5.9. Trade Analysis
    5.10. Global Microwave Oven Market Analysis and Forecast, 2017 – 2031
        5.10.1. Market Value Projections (US$ Mn)
        5.10.2. Market Volume Projections (Thousand Units)
6. Global Microwave Oven Analysis and Forecast, by Type
    6.1. Global Microwave Oven Market Size (US$ Mn) (Thousand Units), by Type, 2017- 2031
        6.1.1. Convection
        6.1.2. Grill
        6.1.3. Solo
        6.1.4. Opportunity, by Type
7. Global Microwave Oven Analysis and Forecast, by Structure
    7.1. Global Microwave Oven Market Size (US$ Mn) (Thousand Units), by Structure, 2017- 2031
        7.1.1. Built-in
        7.1.2. Countertop
    7.2. Incremental Opportunity, by Structure
8. Global Microwave Oven Analysis and Forecast, by Power
    8.1. Global Microwave Oven Market Size (US$ Mn) (Thousand Units), Power, 2017- 2031
        8.1.1. Upto 700 W
        8.1.2. 701 W to 900 W
        8.1.3. 901 W to 1000 W
        8.1.4. Above 1000 W
    8.2. Incremental Opportunity, by Power
9. Global Microwave Oven Analysis and Forecast, by Distribution Channel
    9.1. Global Microwave Oven Market Size (US$ Mn) (Thousand Units), by Distribution Channel, 2017- 2031
        9.1.1. Online
            9.1.1.1. E-commerce website
            9.1.1.2. Company-owned website
        9.1.2. Offline
            9.1.2.1. Supermarkets/Hypermarkets
            9.1.2.2. Departmental Stores
            9.1.2.3. Independent Retail Stores
    9.2. Incremental Opportunity, by End Use
10. Global Microwave Oven Analysis and Forecast, by Region
    10.1. Global Microwave Oven Market Size (US$ Mn) (Thousand Units), by Region, 2017- 2031
        10.1.1. North America
        10.1.2. Europe
        10.1.3. Asia Pacific
        10.1.4. Middle East & Africa
        10.1.5. South America
    10.2. Incremental Opportunity, by Region
11. North America Microwave Oven Analysis and Forecast
    11.1. Regional Snapshot
    11.2. Key Supplier Analysis
    11.3. COVID-19 Impact Analysis
    11.4. Key Trends Analysis
        11.4.1. Supply side
        11.4.2. Demand Side
    11.5. Price Trend Analysis
        11.5.1. Weighted Average Selling Price (US$)
    11.6. Microwave Oven Market Size (US$ Mn) (Thousand Units), by Type, 2017- 2031
        11.6.1. Convection
        11.6.2. Grill
        11.6.3. Solo
    11.7. Microwave Oven Market Size (US$ Mn) (Thousand Units), by Structure, 2017- 2031
        11.7.1. Built-in
        11.7.2. Countertop
    11.8. Microwave Oven Market Size (US$ Mn) (Thousand Units), by Power, 2017- 2031
        11.8.1. Upto 700 W
        11.8.2. 701 W to 900 W
        11.8.3. 901 W to 1000 W
        11.8.4. Above 1000 W
    11.9. Microwave Oven Market Size (US$ Mn) (Thousand Units), by Distribution Channel, 2017- 2031
        11.9.1. Online
            11.9.1.1. E-commerce website
            11.9.1.2. Company-owned website
        11.9.2. Offline
            11.9.2.1. Supermarkets/Hypermarkets
            11.9.2.2. Departmental Stores
            11.9.2.3. Independent Retail Stores
    11.10. Microwave Oven Market Size (US$ Mn) (Thousand Units), by Country/Sub-region, 2017- 2031
        11.10.1. U.S.
        11.10.2. Canada
        11.10.3. Rest of North America
    11.11. Incremental Opportunity Analysis
12. Europe Microwave Oven Analysis and Forecast
    12.1. Regional Snapshot
    12.2. Key Supplier Analysis
    12.3. COVID-19 Impact Analysis
    12.4. Key Trends Analysis
        12.4.1. Supply side
        12.4.2. Demand Side
    12.5. Price Trend Analysis
        12.5.1. Weighted Average Selling Price (US$)
    12.6. Microwave Oven Market Size (US$ Mn) (Thousand Units), by Type, 2017- 2031
        12.6.1. Convection
        12.6.2. Grill
        12.6.3. Solo
    12.7. Microwave Oven Market Size (US$ Mn) (Thousand Units), by Structure, 2017- 2031
        12.7.1. Built-in
        12.7.2. Countertop
    12.8. Microwave Oven Market Size (US$ Mn) (Thousand Units), by Power, 2017- 2031
        12.8.1. Upto 700 W
        12.8.2. 701 W to 900 W
        12.8.3. 901 W to 1000 W
        12.8.4. Above 1000 W
    12.9. Microwave Oven Market Size (US$ Mn) (Thousand Units), by Distribution Channel, 2017- 2031
        12.9.1. Online
            12.9.1.1. E-commerce website
            12.9.1.2. Company-owned website
        12.9.2. Offline
            12.9.2.1. Supermarkets/Hypermarkets
            12.9.2.2. Departmental Stores
            12.9.2.3. Independent Retail Stores
    12.10. Microwave Oven Market Size (US$ Mn) (Thousand Units), by Country/Sub-region, 2017- 2031
        12.10.1. U.K.
        12.10.2. Germany
        12.10.3. France
        12.10.4. Rest of Europe
    12.11. Incremental Opportunity Analysis
13. Asia Pacific Microwave Oven Analysis and Forecast
    13.1. Regional Snapshot
    13.2. Key Supplier Analysis
    13.3. COVID-19 Impact Analysis
    13.4. Key Trends Analysis
        13.4.1. Supply side
        13.4.2. Demand Side
    13.5. Price Trend Analysis
        13.5.1. Weighted Average Selling Price (US$)
    13.6. Microwave Oven Market Size (US$ Mn) (Thousand Units), by Type, 2017- 2031
        13.6.1. Convection
        13.6.2. Grill
        13.6.3. Solo
    13.7. Microwave Oven Market Size (US$ Mn) (Thousand Units), by Structure, 2017- 2031
        13.7.1. Built-in
        13.7.2. Countertop
    13.8. Microwave Oven Market Size (US$ Mn) (Thousand Units), by Power, 2017- 2031
        13.8.1. Upto 700 W
        13.8.2. 701 W to 900 W
        13.8.3. 901 W to 1000 W
        13.8.4. Above 1000 W
    13.9. Microwave Oven Market Size (US$ Mn) (Thousand Units), by Distribution Channel, 2017- 2031
        13.9.1. Online
            13.9.1.1. E-commerce website
            13.9.1.2. Company-owned website
        13.9.2. Offline
            13.9.2.1. Supermarkets/Hypermarkets
            13.9.2.2. Departmental Stores
            13.9.2.3. Independent Retail Stores
    13.10. Microwave Oven Market Size (US$ Mn) (Thousand Units), by Country/Sub-region, 2017- 2031
        13.10.1. China
        13.10.2. India
        13.10.3. Japan
        13.10.4. Rest of Asia Pacific
    13.11. Incremental Opportunity Analysis
14. Middle East & Africa Microwave Oven Analysis and Forecast
    14.1. Regional Snapshot
    14.2. Key Supplier Analysis
    14.3. COVID-19 Impact Analysis
    14.4. Key Trends Analysis
        14.4.1. Supply side
        14.4.2. Demand Side
    14.5. Price Trend Analysis
        14.5.1. Weighted Average Selling Price (US$)
    14.6. Microwave Oven Market Size (US$ Mn) (Thousand Units), by Type, 2017- 2031
        14.6.1. Convection
        14.6.2. Grill
        14.6.3. Solo
    14.7. Microwave Oven Market Size (US$ Mn) (Thousand Units), by Structure, 2017- 2031
        14.7.1. Built-in
        14.7.2. Countertop
    14.8. Microwave Oven Market Size (US$ Mn) (Thousand Units), by Power, 2017- 2031
        14.8.1. Upto 700 W
        14.8.2. 701 W to 900 W
        14.8.3. 901 W to 1000 W
        14.8.4. Above 1000 W
    14.9. Microwave Oven Market Size (US$ Mn) (Thousand Units), by Distribution Channel, 2017- 2031
        14.9.1. Online
            14.9.1.1. E-commerce website
            14.9.1.2. Company-owned website
        14.9.2. Offline
            14.9.2.1. Supermarkets/Hypermarkets
            14.9.2.2. Departmental Stores
            14.9.2.3. Independent Retail Stores
    14.10. Microwave Oven Market Size (US$ Mn) (Thousand Units), by Country/Sub-region, 2017- 2031
        14.10.1. GCC
        14.10.2. South Africa
        14.10.3. Rest of Middle East & Africa
    14.11. Incremental Opportunity Analysis
15. South America Microwave Oven Analysis and Forecast
    15.1. Regional Snapshot
    15.2. Key Supplier Analysis
    15.3. COVID-19 Impact Analysis
    15.4. Key Trends Analysis
        15.4.1. Supply side
        15.4.2. Demand Side
    15.5. Price Trend Analysis
        15.5.1. Weighted Average Selling Price (US$)
    15.6. Microwave Oven Market Size (US$ Mn) (Thousand Units), by Type, 2017- 2031
        15.6.1. Convection
        15.6.2. Grill
        15.6.3. Solo
    15.7. Microwave Oven Market Size (US$ Mn) (Thousand Units), by Structure, 2017- 2031
        15.7.1. Built-in
        15.7.2. Countertop
    15.8. Microwave Oven Market Size (US$ Mn) (Thousand Units), by Power, 2017- 2031
        15.8.1. Upto 700 W
        15.8.2. 701 W to 900 W
        15.8.3. 901 W to 1000 W
        15.8.4. Above 1000 W
    15.9. Microwave Oven Market Size (US$ Mn) (Thousand Units), by Distribution Channel, 2017- 2031
        15.9.1. Online
            15.9.1.1. E-commerce website
            15.9.1.2. Company-owned website
        15.9.2. Offline
            15.9.2.1. Supermarkets/Hypermarkets
            15.9.2.2. Departmental Stores
            15.9.2.3. Independent Retail Stores
    15.10. Microwave Oven Market Size (US$ Mn) (Thousand Units), by Country/Sub-region, 2017- 2031
        15.10.1. Brazil
        15.10.2. Rest of South America
    15.11. Incremental Opportunity Analysis
16. Competition Landscape
    16.1. Competition Dashboard
    16.2. Market Share Analysis % (2022)
    16.3. Company Profiles [Company Overview, Product Portfolio, Financial Information, (Subject to Data Availability), Business Strategies / Recent Developments]
        16.3.1. Renson
            16.3.1.1. Company Overview
            16.3.1.2. Product Portfolio
            16.3.1.3. Financial Information, (Subject to Data Availability)
            16.3.1.4. Business Strategies / Recent Developments
        16.3.2. Sharp Corporation
            16.3.2.1. Company Overview
            16.3.2.2. Product Portfolio
            16.3.2.3. Financial Information, (Subject to Data Availability)
            16.3.2.4. Business Strategies / Recent Developments
        16.3.3. Panasonic Corporation
            16.3.3.1. Company Overview
            16.3.3.2. Product Portfolio
            16.3.3.3. Financial Information, (Subject to Data Availability)
            16.3.3.4. Business Strategies / Recent Developments
        16.3.4. Hoover Limited
            16.3.4.1. Company Overview
            16.3.4.2. Product Portfolio
            16.3.4.3. Financial Information, (Subject to Data Availability)
            16.3.4.4. Business Strategies / Recent Developments
        16.3.5. Galanz Enterprise Group
            16.3.5.1. Company Overview
            16.3.5.2. Product Portfolio
            16.3.5.3. Financial Information, (Subject to Data Availability)
            16.3.5.4. Business Strategies / Recent Developments
        16.3.6. AB Electrolux
            16.3.6.1. Company Overview
            16.3.6.2. Product Portfolio
            16.3.6.3. Financial Information, (Subject to Data Availability)
            16.3.6.4. Business Strategies / Recent Developments
        16.3.7. Whirlpool Corporation
            16.3.7.1. Company Overview
            16.3.7.2. Product Portfolio
            16.3.7.3. Financial Information, (Subject to Data Availability)
            16.3.7.4. Business Strategies / Recent Developments
        16.3.8. Alto-Shaam Inc.
            16.3.8.1. Company Overview
            16.3.8.2. Product Portfolio
            16.3.8.3. Financial Information, (Subject to Data Availability)
            16.3.8.4. Business Strategies / Recent Developments
        16.3.9. Samsung Electronics
            16.3.9.1. Company Overview
            16.3.9.2. Product Portfolio
            16.3.9.3. Financial Information, (Subject to Data Availability)
            16.3.9.4. Business Strategies / Recent Developments
        16.3.10. LG Electronics
            16.3.10.1. Company Overview
            16.3.10.2. Product Portfolio
            16.3.10.3. Financial Information, (Subject to Data Availability)
            16.3.10.4. Business Strategies / Recent Developments
        16.3.11. Illinois Tool Works Inc.
            16.3.11.1. Company Overview
            16.3.11.2. Product Portfolio
            16.3.11.3. Financial Information, (Subject to Data Availability)
            16.3.11.4. Business Strategies / Recent Developments
17. Go To Market Strategy
    17.1. Identification of Potential Market Spaces
    17.2. Understanding the Buying Process of Customers
    17.3. Preferred Sales & Marketing Strategy

List of Tables

Table 1: Global Microwave Oven Market, By Type, Thousand Units, 2017-2031

Table 2: Global Microwave Oven Market, By Type, US$ Mn, 2017-2031

Table 3: Global Microwave Oven Market, By Structure, Thousand Units, 2017-2031

Table 4: Global Microwave Oven Market, By Structure, US$ Mn, 2017-2031

Table 5: Global Microwave Oven Market, By Power, Thousand Units, 2017-2031

Table 6: Global Microwave Oven Market, By Power, US$ Mn, 2017-2031

Table 7: Global Microwave Oven Market, By Distribution Channel, Thousand Units, 2017-2031

Table 8: Global Microwave Oven Market, By Distribution Channel, US$ Mn, 2017-2031

Table 9: Global Microwave Oven Market, By Region Thousand Units, 2017-2031

Table 10: Global Microwave Oven Market, By Region US$ Mn, 2017-2031

Table 11: North America Microwave Oven Market, By Type, Thousand Units, 2017-2031

Table 12: North America Microwave Oven Market, By Type, US$ Mn, 2017-2031

Table 13: North America Microwave Oven Market, By Structure, Thousand Units, 2017-2031

Table 14: North America Microwave Oven Market, By Structure, US$ Mn, 2017-2031

Table 15: North America Microwave Oven Market, By Power, Thousand Units, 2017-2031

Table 16: North America Microwave Oven Market, By Power, US$ Mn, 2017-2031

Table 17: North America Microwave Oven Market, By Distribution Channel, Thousand Units, 2017-2031

Table 18: North America Microwave Oven Market, By Distribution Channel, US$ Mn, 2017-2031

Table 19: North America Microwave Oven Market, By Country, Thousand Units, 2017-2031

Table 20: North America Microwave Oven Market, By Country, US$ Mn, 2017-2031

Table 21: Europe Microwave Oven Market, By Type, Thousand Units, 2017-2031

Table 22: Europe Microwave Oven Market, By Type, US$ Mn, 2017-2031

Table 23: Europe Microwave Oven Market, By Structure, Thousand Units, 2017-2031

Table 24: Europe Microwave Oven Market, By Structure, US$ Mn, 2017-2031

Table 25: Europe Microwave Oven Market, By Power, Thousand Units, 2017-2031

Table 26: Europe Microwave Oven Market, By Power, US$ Mn, 2017-2031

Table 27: Europe Microwave Oven Market, By Distribution Channel, Thousand Units, 2017-2031

Table 28: Europe Microwave Oven Market, By Distribution Channel, US$ Mn, 2017-2031

Table 29: Europe Microwave Oven Market, By Country Thousand Units, 2017-2031

Table 30: Europe Microwave Oven Market, By Country US$ Mn, 2017-2031

Table 31: Asia Pacific Microwave Oven Market, By Type, Thousand Units, 2017-2031

Table 32: Asia Pacific Microwave Oven Market, By Type, US$ Mn, 2017-2031

Table 33: Asia Pacific Microwave Oven Market, By Structure, Thousand Units, 2017-2031

Table 34: Asia Pacific Microwave Oven Market, By Structure, US$ Mn, 2017-2031

Table 35: Asia Pacific Microwave Oven Market, By Power, Thousand Units, 2017-2031

Table 36: Asia Pacific Microwave Oven Market, By Power, US$ Mn, 2017-2031

Table 37: Asia Pacific Microwave Oven Market, By Distribution Channel, Thousand Units, 2017-2031

Table 38: Asia Pacific Microwave Oven Market, By Distribution Channel, US$ Mn, 2017-2031

Table 39: Asia Pacific Microwave Oven Market, By Country Thousand Units, 2017-2031

Table 40: Asia Pacific Microwave Oven Market, By Country US$ Mn, 2017-2031

Table 41: Middle East & Africa Microwave Oven Market, By Type, Thousand Units, 2017-2031

Table 42: Middle East & Africa Microwave Oven Market, By Type, US$ Mn, 2017-2031

Table 43: Middle East & Africa Microwave Oven Market, By Structure, Thousand Units, 2017-2031

Table 44: Middle East & Africa Microwave Oven Market, By Structure, US$ Mn, 2017-2031

Table 45: Middle East & Africa Microwave Oven Market, By Power, Thousand Units, 2017-2031

Table 46: Middle East & Africa Microwave Oven Market, By Power, US$ Mn, 2017-2031

Table 47: Middle East & Africa Microwave Oven Market, By Distribution Channel, Thousand Units, 2017-2031

Table 48: Middle East & Africa Microwave Oven Market, By Distribution Channel, US$ Mn, 2017-2031

Table 49: Middle East & Africa Microwave Oven Market, By Country, Thousand Units, 2017-2031

Table 50: Middle East & Africa Microwave Oven Market, By Country US$ Mn, 2017-2031

Table 51: South America Microwave Oven Market, By Type, Thousand Units, 2017-2031

Table 52: South America Microwave Oven Market, By Type, US$ Mn, 2017-2031

Table 53: South America Microwave Oven Market, By Structure, Thousand Units, 2017-2031

Table 54: South America Microwave Oven Market, By Structure, US$ Mn, 2017-2031

Table 55: South America Microwave Oven Market, By Power, Thousand Units, 2017-2031

Table 56: South America Microwave Oven Market, By Power, US$ Mn, 2017-2031

Table 57: South America Microwave Oven Market, By Distribution Channel, Thousand Units, 2017-2031

Table 58: South America Microwave Oven Market, By Distribution Channel, US$ Mn, 2017-2031

Table 59: South America Microwave Oven Market, By Country, Thousand Units, 2017-2031

Table 60: South America Microwave Oven Market, By Country, US$ Mn, 2017-2031