▶ 調査レポート

高精度3D測定システムの世界市場見通し2023年-2029年

• 英文タイトル:High-precision 3D Measuring System Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2023-2029

Market Monitor Globalが調査・発行した産業分析レポートです。高精度3D測定システムの世界市場見通し2023年-2029年 / High-precision 3D Measuring System Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2023-2029 / MRC2312MG01975資料のイメージです。• レポートコード:MRC2312MG01975
• 出版社/出版日:Market Monitor Global / 2023年12月
• レポート形態:英文、PDF、118ページ
• 納品方法:Eメール(納期:3営業日)
• 産業分類:機械&装置
• 販売価格(消費税別)
  Single User¥481,000 (USD3,250)▷ お問い合わせ
  Enterprise User¥721,500 (USD4,875)▷ お問い合わせ
• ご注文方法:お問い合わせフォーム記入又はEメールでご連絡ください。
• お支払方法:銀行振込(納品後、ご請求書送付)
レポート概要
当調査レポートは次の情報を含め、世界の高精度3D測定システム市場規模と予測を収録しています。・世界の高精度3D測定システム市場:売上、2018年-2023年、2024年-2029年
・世界の高精度3D測定システム市場:販売量、2018年-2023年、2024年-2029年
・世界のトップ5企業、2022年

世界の高精度3D測定システム市場は2022年に000Mドルと評価され、予測期間中に000%のCAGRで2029年までに000Mドルに達すると予測されています。米国市場は2022年に000Mドルと推定されており、中国は2029年までに000Mドルに達すると予測されています。「レーザーベース」セグメントは今後6年間、000%のCAGRで2029年までに000Mドルに成長すると予測されています。

高精度3D測定システムのグローバル主要企業は、Hexagon、 Nikon、 Mitutoyo、 Zeiss、 Tokyo Seimitsu、 Keyence、 Werth、 FARO、 Perceptron、 Wenzel、 Zygo、 Aberlink、 Renishaw、 Alicona、 TZTekなどです。2022年にトップ5企業がグローバル売上シェアの約000%を占めています。

MARKET MONITOR GLOBAL(MMG)は、高精度3D測定システムのメーカー、サプライヤー、流通業者、および業界の専門家を調査しました。これには、販売量、売上、需要、価格変動、製品タイプ、最近の動向と計画、産業トレンド、成長要因、課題、阻害要因、潜在的なリスクなどが含まれます。

【セグメント別市場分析】

世界の高精度3D測定システム市場:タイプ別、2018年-2023年、2024年-2029年
世界の高精度3D測定システム市場:タイプ別市場シェア、2022年
・レーザーベース、構造光ベース、写真測量ベース、その他

世界の高精度3D測定システム市場:用途別、2018年-2023年、2024年-2029年
世界の高精度3D測定システム市場:用途別市場シェア、2022年
・自動車、航空宇宙、製造、その他

世界の高精度3D測定システム市場:地域・国別、2018年-2023年、2024年-2029年
世界の高精度3D測定システム市場:地域別市場シェア、2022年
・北米:アメリカ、カナダ、メキシコ
・ヨーロッパ:ドイツ、フランス、イギリス、イタリア、ロシア
・アジア:中国、日本、韓国、東南アジア、インド
・南米:ブラジル、アルゼンチン
・中東・アフリカ:トルコ、イスラエル、サウジアラビア、UAE

【競合分析】

また、当レポートは主要な市場参加者の分析を提供します。
・主要企業における高精度3D測定システムのグローバル売上、2018年-2023年
・主要企業における高精度3D測定システムのグローバル売上シェア、2022年
・主要企業における高精度3D測定システムのグローバル販売量、2018年-2023年
・主要企業における高精度3D測定システムのグローバル販売量シェア、2022年

さらに、当レポートは主要企業のプロファイルを提示します。
Hexagon、 Nikon、 Mitutoyo、 Zeiss、 Tokyo Seimitsu、 Keyence、 Werth、 FARO、 Perceptron、 Wenzel、 Zygo、 Aberlink、 Renishaw、 Alicona、 TZTek

*************************************************************

・調査・分析レポートの概要
高精度3D測定システム市場の定義
市場セグメント
世界の高精度3D測定システム市場概要
当レポートの特徴・ベネフィット
調査手法と情報源

・世界の高精度3D測定システム市場規模
世界の高精度3D測定システム市場規模:2022年 VS 2029年
世界の高精度3D測定システム市場規模と予測 2018年-2029年

・競争状況
グローバルトップ企業
売上ベースでのグローバルトップ企業
企業別グローバルでの高精度3D測定システムの売上
グローバルトップ3およびトップ5企業、2022年売上ベース
グローバル企業の高精度3D測定システム製品タイプ
グローバルにおけるティア1、ティア2、ティア3企業

・タイプ別市場分析
タイプ区分:レーザーベース、構造光ベース、写真測量ベース、その他
高精度3D測定システムのタイプ別グローバル売上・予測

・用途別市場分析
用途区分:自動車、航空宇宙、製造、その他
高精度3D測定システムの用途別グローバル売上・予測

・地域別市場分析
地域別高精度3D測定システム市場規模 2022年と2029年
地域別高精度3D測定システム売上・予測
北米市場:アメリカ、カナダ、メキシコ
ヨーロッパ市場:ドイツ、フランス、イギリス、イタリア、ロシア
アジア市場:中国、日本、韓国、東南アジア、インド
南米市場:ブラジル、アルゼンチン
中東・アフリカ市場:トルコ、イスラエル、サウジアラビア、UAE

・主要企業のプロファイル(企業概要、事業概要、主要製品、売上、ニュースなど)
Hexagon、 Nikon、 Mitutoyo、 Zeiss、 Tokyo Seimitsu、 Keyence、 Werth、 FARO、 Perceptron、 Wenzel、 Zygo、 Aberlink、 Renishaw、 Alicona、 TZTek
...

This research report provides a comprehensive analysis of the High-precision 3D Measuring System market, focusing on the current trends, market dynamics, and future prospects. The report explores the global High-precision 3D Measuring System market, including major regions such as North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and emerging markets. It also examines key factors driving the growth of High-precision 3D Measuring System, challenges faced by the industry, and potential opportunities for market players.
The global High-precision 3D Measuring System market has witnessed rapid growth in recent years, driven by increasing environmental concerns, government incentives, and advancements in technology. The High-precision 3D Measuring System market presents opportunities for various stakeholders, including Automotive, Aerospace. Collaboration between the private sector and governments can accelerate the development of supportive policies, research and development efforts, and investment in High-precision 3D Measuring System market. Additionally, the growing consumer demand present avenues for market expansion.
The global High-precision 3D Measuring System market was valued at US$ million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period.
Key Features:
The research report on the High-precision 3D Measuring System market includes several key features to provide comprehensive insights and facilitate decision-making for stakeholders.
Executive Summary: The report provides overview of the key findings, market trends, and major insights of the High-precision 3D Measuring System market.
Market Overview: The report provides a comprehensive overview of the High-precision 3D Measuring System market, including its definition, historical development, and current market size. It covers market segmentation by Type (e.g., Laser-based, Structured Light-based), region, and application, highlighting the key drivers, challenges, and opportunities within each segment.
Market Dynamics: The report analyses the market dynamics driving the growth and development of the High-precision 3D Measuring System market. The report includes an assessment of government policies and regulations, technological advancements, consumer trends and preferences, infrastructure development, and industry collaborations. This analysis helps stakeholders understand the factors influencing the High-precision 3D Measuring System market’s trajectory.
Competitive Landscape: The report provides an in-depth analysis of the competitive landscape within the High-precision 3D Measuring System market. It includes profiles of major market players, their market share, strategies, product portfolios, and recent developments.
Market Segmentation and Forecast: The report segment the High-precision 3D Measuring System market based on various parameters, such as by Type, region, and by Application. It provides market size and growth forecasts for each segment, supported by quantitative data and analysis. This helps stakeholders identify growth opportunities and make informed investment decisions.
Technological Trends: The report should highlight the key technological trends shaping the High-precision 3D Measuring System market, such as advancements in Type One technology and emerging substitutes. It analyses the impact of these trends on market growth, adoption rates, and consumer preferences.
Market Challenges and Opportunities: The report identify and analyses the major challenges faced by the High-precision 3D Measuring System market, such as technical bottleneck, cost limitations, and high entry barrier. It also highlights the opportunities for market growth, such as government incentives, emerging markets, and collaborations between stakeholders.
Regulatory and Policy Analysis: The report should assess the regulatory and policy landscape for High-precision 3D Measuring System, including government incentives, emission standards, and infrastructure development plans. It should analyse the impact of these policies on market growth and provide insights into future regulatory developments.
Recommendations and Conclusion: The report conclude with actionable recommendations for stakeholders, such as Application One Consumer, policymakers, investors, and infrastructure providers. These recommendations should be based on the research findings and address key challenges and opportunities within the High-precision 3D Measuring System market.
Supporting Data and Appendices: The report include supporting data, charts, and graphs to substantiate the analysis and findings. It also includes appendices with additional detailed information, such as data sources, survey questionnaires, and detailed market forecasts.
Market Segmentation
High-precision 3D Measuring System market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2018-2029, the growth among segments provides accurate calculations and forecasts for consumption value by Type, and by Application in terms of volume and value.
Market segment by Type
Laser-based
Structured Light-based
Photogrammetry-based
Others
Market segment by Application
Automotive
Aerospace
Manufacturing
Others
Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Major players covered
Hexagon
Nikon
Mitutoyo
Zeiss
Tokyo Seimitsu
Keyence
Werth
FARO
Perceptron
Wenzel
Zygo
Aberlink
Renishaw
Alicona
TZTek
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of High-precision 3D Measuring System, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global High-precision 3D Measuring System market size in revenue and volume.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of High-precision 3D Measuring System manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales and revenue market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of High-precision 3D Measuring System in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: Global High-precision 3D Measuring System capacity by region & country.
Chapter 9: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 10: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.
Chapter 11: The main points and conclusions of the report.

レポート目次

1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 High-precision 3D Measuring System Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Overall Market Size
2.1 Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Market Size: 2022 VS 2029
2.2 Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2029
2.3 Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales: 2018-2029
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top High-precision 3D Measuring System Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales by Companies
3.5 Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 High-precision 3D Measuring System Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.7 Global Manufacturers High-precision 3D Measuring System Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 High-precision 3D Measuring System Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 High-precision 3D Measuring System Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 High-precision 3D Measuring System Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type – Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2029
4.1.2 Laser-based
4.1.3 Structured Light-based
4.1.4 Photogrammetry-based
4.1.5 Others
4.2 By Type – Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type – Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type – Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Revenue, 2024-2029
4.2.3 By Type – Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
4.3 By Type – Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type – Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales, 2018-2023
4.3.2 By Type – Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales, 2024-2029
4.3.3 By Type – Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
4.4 By Type – Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application – Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Market Size, 2022 & 2029
5.1.2 Automotive
5.1.3 Aerospace
5.1.4 Manufacturing
5.1.5 Others
5.2 By Application – Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application – Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application – Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Revenue, 2024-2029
5.2.3 By Application – Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
5.3 By Application – Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application – Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales, 2018-2023
5.3.2 By Application – Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales, 2024-2029
5.3.3 By Application – Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
5.4 By Application – Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region – Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Market Size, 2022 & 2029
6.2 By Region – Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region – Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region – Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Revenue, 2024-2029
6.2.3 By Region – Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
6.3 By Region – Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region – Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales, 2018-2023
6.3.2 By Region – Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales, 2024-2029
6.3.3 By Region – Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country – North America High-precision 3D Measuring System Revenue, 2018-2029
6.4.2 By Country – North America High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales, 2018-2029
6.4.3 US High-precision 3D Measuring System Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.4 Canada High-precision 3D Measuring System Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.5 Mexico High-precision 3D Measuring System Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country – Europe High-precision 3D Measuring System Revenue, 2018-2029
6.5.2 By Country – Europe High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales, 2018-2029
6.5.3 Germany High-precision 3D Measuring System Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.4 France High-precision 3D Measuring System Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.5 U.K. High-precision 3D Measuring System Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.6 Italy High-precision 3D Measuring System Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.7 Russia High-precision 3D Measuring System Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.8 Nordic Countries High-precision 3D Measuring System Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.9 Benelux High-precision 3D Measuring System Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region – Asia High-precision 3D Measuring System Revenue, 2018-2029
6.6.2 By Region – Asia High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales, 2018-2029
6.6.3 China High-precision 3D Measuring System Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.4 Japan High-precision 3D Measuring System Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.5 South Korea High-precision 3D Measuring System Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.6 Southeast Asia High-precision 3D Measuring System Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.7 India High-precision 3D Measuring System Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country – South America High-precision 3D Measuring System Revenue, 2018-2029
6.7.2 By Country – South America High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales, 2018-2029
6.7.3 Brazil High-precision 3D Measuring System Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.4 Argentina High-precision 3D Measuring System Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country – Middle East & Africa High-precision 3D Measuring System Revenue, 2018-2029
6.8.2 By Country – Middle East & Africa High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales, 2018-2029
6.8.3 Turkey High-precision 3D Measuring System Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.4 Israel High-precision 3D Measuring System Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia High-precision 3D Measuring System Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.6 UAE High-precision 3D Measuring System Market Size, 2018-2029
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Hexagon
7.1.1 Hexagon Company Summary
7.1.2 Hexagon Business Overview
7.1.3 Hexagon High-precision 3D Measuring System Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Hexagon High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Hexagon Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Nikon
7.2.1 Nikon Company Summary
7.2.2 Nikon Business Overview
7.2.3 Nikon High-precision 3D Measuring System Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Nikon High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Nikon Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Mitutoyo
7.3.1 Mitutoyo Company Summary
7.3.2 Mitutoyo Business Overview
7.3.3 Mitutoyo High-precision 3D Measuring System Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Mitutoyo High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Mitutoyo Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Zeiss
7.4.1 Zeiss Company Summary
7.4.2 Zeiss Business Overview
7.4.3 Zeiss High-precision 3D Measuring System Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Zeiss High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Zeiss Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Tokyo Seimitsu
7.5.1 Tokyo Seimitsu Company Summary
7.5.2 Tokyo Seimitsu Business Overview
7.5.3 Tokyo Seimitsu High-precision 3D Measuring System Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Tokyo Seimitsu High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Tokyo Seimitsu Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Keyence
7.6.1 Keyence Company Summary
7.6.2 Keyence Business Overview
7.6.3 Keyence High-precision 3D Measuring System Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Keyence High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Keyence Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Werth
7.7.1 Werth Company Summary
7.7.2 Werth Business Overview
7.7.3 Werth High-precision 3D Measuring System Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Werth High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.7.5 Werth Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 FARO
7.8.1 FARO Company Summary
7.8.2 FARO Business Overview
7.8.3 FARO High-precision 3D Measuring System Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 FARO High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.8.5 FARO Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Perceptron
7.9.1 Perceptron Company Summary
7.9.2 Perceptron Business Overview
7.9.3 Perceptron High-precision 3D Measuring System Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Perceptron High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.9.5 Perceptron Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 Wenzel
7.10.1 Wenzel Company Summary
7.10.2 Wenzel Business Overview
7.10.3 Wenzel High-precision 3D Measuring System Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Wenzel High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.10.5 Wenzel Key News & Latest Developments
7.11 Zygo
7.11.1 Zygo Company Summary
7.11.2 Zygo Business Overview
7.11.3 Zygo High-precision 3D Measuring System Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 Zygo High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.11.5 Zygo Key News & Latest Developments
7.12 Aberlink
7.12.1 Aberlink Company Summary
7.12.2 Aberlink Business Overview
7.12.3 Aberlink High-precision 3D Measuring System Major Product Offerings
7.12.4 Aberlink High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.12.5 Aberlink Key News & Latest Developments
7.13 Renishaw
7.13.1 Renishaw Company Summary
7.13.2 Renishaw Business Overview
7.13.3 Renishaw High-precision 3D Measuring System Major Product Offerings
7.13.4 Renishaw High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.13.5 Renishaw Key News & Latest Developments
7.14 Alicona
7.14.1 Alicona Company Summary
7.14.2 Alicona Business Overview
7.14.3 Alicona High-precision 3D Measuring System Major Product Offerings
7.14.4 Alicona High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.14.5 Alicona Key News & Latest Developments
7.15 TZTek
7.15.1 TZTek Company Summary
7.15.2 TZTek Business Overview
7.15.3 TZTek High-precision 3D Measuring System Major Product Offerings
7.15.4 TZTek High-precision 3D Measuring System Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.15.5 TZTek Key News & Latest Developments
8 Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Production Capacity, 2018-2029
8.2 High-precision 3D Measuring System Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global High-precision 3D Measuring System Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 High-precision 3D Measuring System Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 High-precision 3D Measuring System Industry Value Chain
10.2 High-precision 3D Measuring System Upstream Market
10.3 High-precision 3D Measuring System Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 High-precision 3D Measuring System Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer