▶ 調査レポート

空気漏出試験装置の世界市場見通し2023年-2029年

• 英文タイトル:Air Leakage Testing Equipment Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2023-2029

Market Monitor Globalが調査・発行した産業分析レポートです。空気漏出試験装置の世界市場見通し2023年-2029年 / Air Leakage Testing Equipment Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2023-2029 / MRC2312MG04080資料のイメージです。• レポートコード:MRC2312MG04080
• 出版社/出版日:Market Monitor Global / 2023年12月
• レポート形態:英文、PDF、70ページ
• 納品方法:Eメール(納期:3営業日)
• 産業分類:機械&装置
• 販売価格(消費税別)
  Single User¥481,000 (USD3,250)▷ お問い合わせ
  Enterprise User¥721,500 (USD4,875)▷ お問い合わせ
• ご注文方法:お問い合わせフォーム記入又はEメールでご連絡ください。
• お支払方法:銀行振込(納品後、ご請求書送付)
レポート概要
当調査レポートは次の情報を含め、世界の空気漏出試験装置市場規模と予測を収録しています。・世界の空気漏出試験装置市場:売上、2018年-2023年、2024年-2029年
・世界の空気漏出試験装置市場:販売量、2018年-2023年、2024年-2029年
・世界のトップ5企業、2022年

世界の空気漏出試験装置市場は2022年に000Mドルと評価され、予測期間中に000%のCAGRで2029年までに000Mドルに達すると予測されています。米国市場は2022年に000Mドルと推定されており、中国は2029年までに000Mドルに達すると予測されています。「一般型」セグメントは今後6年間、000%のCAGRで2029年までに000Mドルに成長すると予測されています。

空気漏出試験装置のグローバル主要企業は、ATEQ、 COSMO、 USON、 HIRAYS Technology、 Boyi Pneumatics、 Anhui Wanyi Science and Technology、 Shenzhen Linglong、 Shenyang Jinke、 Xili Instruments、 Tianjin Euland、 Hefei Yuanzhi、 Fukudaなどです。2022年にトップ5企業がグローバル売上シェアの約000%を占めています。

MARKET MONITOR GLOBAL(MMG)は、空気漏出試験装置のメーカー、サプライヤー、流通業者、および業界の専門家を調査しました。これには、販売量、売上、需要、価格変動、製品タイプ、最近の動向と計画、産業トレンド、成長要因、課題、阻害要因、潜在的なリスクなどが含まれます。

【セグメント別市場分析】

世界の空気漏出試験装置市場:タイプ別、2018年-2023年、2024年-2029年
世界の空気漏出試験装置市場:タイプ別市場シェア、2022年
・一般型、低圧型

世界の空気漏出試験装置市場:用途別、2018年-2023年、2024年-2029年
世界の空気漏出試験装置市場:用途別市場シェア、2022年
・製造、自動車、包装、機械、その他

世界の空気漏出試験装置市場:地域・国別、2018年-2023年、2024年-2029年
世界の空気漏出試験装置市場:地域別市場シェア、2022年
・北米:アメリカ、カナダ、メキシコ
・ヨーロッパ:ドイツ、フランス、イギリス、イタリア、ロシア
・アジア:中国、日本、韓国、東南アジア、インド
・南米:ブラジル、アルゼンチン
・中東・アフリカ:トルコ、イスラエル、サウジアラビア、UAE

【競合分析】

また、当レポートは主要な市場参加者の分析を提供します。
・主要企業における空気漏出試験装置のグローバル売上、2018年-2023年
・主要企業における空気漏出試験装置のグローバル売上シェア、2022年
・主要企業における空気漏出試験装置のグローバル販売量、2018年-2023年
・主要企業における空気漏出試験装置のグローバル販売量シェア、2022年

さらに、当レポートは主要企業のプロファイルを提示します。
ATEQ、 COSMO、 USON、 HIRAYS Technology、 Boyi Pneumatics、 Anhui Wanyi Science and Technology、 Shenzhen Linglong、 Shenyang Jinke、 Xili Instruments、 Tianjin Euland、 Hefei Yuanzhi、 Fukuda

*************************************************************

・調査・分析レポートの概要
空気漏出試験装置市場の定義
市場セグメント
世界の空気漏出試験装置市場概要
当レポートの特徴・ベネフィット
調査手法と情報源

・世界の空気漏出試験装置市場規模
世界の空気漏出試験装置市場規模:2022年 VS 2029年
世界の空気漏出試験装置市場規模と予測 2018年-2029年

・競争状況
グローバルトップ企業
売上ベースでのグローバルトップ企業
企業別グローバルでの空気漏出試験装置の売上
グローバルトップ3およびトップ5企業、2022年売上ベース
グローバル企業の空気漏出試験装置製品タイプ
グローバルにおけるティア1、ティア2、ティア3企業

・タイプ別市場分析
タイプ区分:一般型、低圧型
空気漏出試験装置のタイプ別グローバル売上・予測

・用途別市場分析
用途区分:製造、自動車、包装、機械、その他
空気漏出試験装置の用途別グローバル売上・予測

・地域別市場分析
地域別空気漏出試験装置市場規模 2022年と2029年
地域別空気漏出試験装置売上・予測
北米市場:アメリカ、カナダ、メキシコ
ヨーロッパ市場:ドイツ、フランス、イギリス、イタリア、ロシア
アジア市場:中国、日本、韓国、東南アジア、インド
南米市場:ブラジル、アルゼンチン
中東・アフリカ市場:トルコ、イスラエル、サウジアラビア、UAE

・主要企業のプロファイル(企業概要、事業概要、主要製品、売上、ニュースなど)
ATEQ、 COSMO、 USON、 HIRAYS Technology、 Boyi Pneumatics、 Anhui Wanyi Science and Technology、 Shenzhen Linglong、 Shenyang Jinke、 Xili Instruments、 Tianjin Euland、 Hefei Yuanzhi、 Fukuda
...

This research report provides a comprehensive analysis of the Air Leakage Testing Equipment market, focusing on the current trends, market dynamics, and future prospects. The report explores the global Air Leakage Testing Equipment market, including major regions such as North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and emerging markets. It also examines key factors driving the growth of Air Leakage Testing Equipment, challenges faced by the industry, and potential opportunities for market players.
The global Air Leakage Testing Equipment market has witnessed rapid growth in recent years, driven by increasing environmental concerns, government incentives, and advancements in technology. The Air Leakage Testing Equipment market presents opportunities for various stakeholders, including Manufacturing Industries, Automobile Industries. Collaboration between the private sector and governments can accelerate the development of supportive policies, research and development efforts, and investment in Air Leakage Testing Equipment market. Additionally, the growing consumer demand present avenues for market expansion.
The global Air Leakage Testing Equipment market was valued at US$ million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
Key Features:
The research report on the Air Leakage Testing Equipment market includes several key features to provide comprehensive insights and facilitate decision-making for stakeholders.
Executive Summary: The report provides overview of the key findings, market trends, and major insights of the Air Leakage Testing Equipment market.
Market Overview: The report provides a comprehensive overview of the Air Leakage Testing Equipment market, including its definition, historical development, and current market size. It covers market segmentation by Type (e.g., General Type, Low Pressure), region, and application, highlighting the key drivers, challenges, and opportunities within each segment.
Market Dynamics: The report analyses the market dynamics driving the growth and development of the Air Leakage Testing Equipment market. The report includes an assessment of government policies and regulations, technological advancements, consumer trends and preferences, infrastructure development, and industry collaborations. This analysis helps stakeholders understand the factors influencing the Air Leakage Testing Equipment market’s trajectory.
Competitive Landscape: The report provides an in-depth analysis of the competitive landscape within the Air Leakage Testing Equipment market. It includes profiles of major market players, their market share, strategies, product portfolios, and recent developments.
Market Segmentation and Forecast: The report segment the Air Leakage Testing Equipment market based on various parameters, such as by Type, region, and by Application. It provides market size and growth forecasts for each segment, supported by quantitative data and analysis. This helps stakeholders identify growth opportunities and make informed investment decisions.
Technological Trends: The report should highlight the key technological trends shaping the Air Leakage Testing Equipment market, such as advancements in Type One technology and emerging substitutes. It analyses the impact of these trends on market growth, adoption rates, and consumer preferences.
Market Challenges and Opportunities: The report identify and analyses the major challenges faced by the Air Leakage Testing Equipment market, such as technical bottleneck, cost limitations, and high entry barrier. It also highlights the opportunities for market growth, such as government incentives, emerging markets, and collaborations between stakeholders.
Regulatory and Policy Analysis: The report should assess the regulatory and policy landscape for Air Leakage Testing Equipment, including government incentives, emission standards, and infrastructure development plans. It should analyse the impact of these policies on market growth and provide insights into future regulatory developments.
Recommendations and Conclusion: The report conclude with actionable recommendations for stakeholders, such as Application One Consumer, policymakers, investors, and infrastructure providers. These recommendations should be based on the research findings and address key challenges and opportunities within the Air Leakage Testing Equipment market.
Supporting Data and Appendices: The report include supporting data, charts, and graphs to substantiate the analysis and findings. It also includes appendices with additional detailed information, such as data sources, survey questionnaires, and detailed market forecasts.
Market Segmentation
Air Leakage Testing Equipment market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2018-2029, the growth among segments provides accurate calculations and forecasts for consumption value by Type, and by Application in terms of volume and value.
Market segment by Type
General Type
Low Pressure
Market segment by Application
Manufacturing Industries
Automobile Industries
Packaging Industries
Mechanical Industries
Others
Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Major players covered
ATEQ
COSMO
USON
HIRAYS Technology
Boyi Pneumatics
Anhui Wanyi Science and Technology
Shenzhen Linglong
Shenyang Jinke
Xili Instruments
Tianjin Euland
Hefei Yuanzhi
Fukuda
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Air Leakage Testing Equipment, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment market size in revenue and volume.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Air Leakage Testing Equipment manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales and revenue market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Air Leakage Testing Equipment in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment capacity by region & country.
Chapter 9: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 10: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.
Chapter 11: The main points and conclusions of the report.

レポート目次

1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Air Leakage Testing Equipment Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Market Size: 2022 VS 2029
2.2 Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2029
2.3 Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales: 2018-2029
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Air Leakage Testing Equipment Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Air Leakage Testing Equipment Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.7 Global Manufacturers Air Leakage Testing Equipment Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Air Leakage Testing Equipment Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Air Leakage Testing Equipment Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Air Leakage Testing Equipment Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type – Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2029
4.1.2 General Type
4.1.3 Low Pressure
4.2 By Type – Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type – Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type – Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Revenue, 2024-2029
4.2.3 By Type – Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
4.3 By Type – Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type – Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales, 2018-2023
4.3.2 By Type – Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales, 2024-2029
4.3.3 By Type – Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
4.4 By Type – Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application – Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Market Size, 2022 & 2029
5.1.2 Manufacturing Industries
5.1.3 Automobile Industries
5.1.4 Packaging Industries
5.1.5 Mechanical Industries
5.1.6 Others
5.2 By Application – Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application – Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application – Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Revenue, 2024-2029
5.2.3 By Application – Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
5.3 By Application – Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application – Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales, 2018-2023
5.3.2 By Application – Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales, 2024-2029
5.3.3 By Application – Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
5.4 By Application – Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region – Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Market Size, 2022 & 2029
6.2 By Region – Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region – Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region – Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Revenue, 2024-2029
6.2.3 By Region – Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
6.3 By Region – Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region – Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales, 2018-2023
6.3.2 By Region – Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales, 2024-2029
6.3.3 By Region – Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country – North America Air Leakage Testing Equipment Revenue, 2018-2029
6.4.2 By Country – North America Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales, 2018-2029
6.4.3 US Air Leakage Testing Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.4 Canada Air Leakage Testing Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.5 Mexico Air Leakage Testing Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country – Europe Air Leakage Testing Equipment Revenue, 2018-2029
6.5.2 By Country – Europe Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales, 2018-2029
6.5.3 Germany Air Leakage Testing Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.4 France Air Leakage Testing Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.5 U.K. Air Leakage Testing Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.6 Italy Air Leakage Testing Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.7 Russia Air Leakage Testing Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Air Leakage Testing Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.9 Benelux Air Leakage Testing Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region – Asia Air Leakage Testing Equipment Revenue, 2018-2029
6.6.2 By Region – Asia Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales, 2018-2029
6.6.3 China Air Leakage Testing Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.4 Japan Air Leakage Testing Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.5 South Korea Air Leakage Testing Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Air Leakage Testing Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.7 India Air Leakage Testing Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country – South America Air Leakage Testing Equipment Revenue, 2018-2029
6.7.2 By Country – South America Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales, 2018-2029
6.7.3 Brazil Air Leakage Testing Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.4 Argentina Air Leakage Testing Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country – Middle East & Africa Air Leakage Testing Equipment Revenue, 2018-2029
6.8.2 By Country – Middle East & Africa Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales, 2018-2029
6.8.3 Turkey Air Leakage Testing Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.4 Israel Air Leakage Testing Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Air Leakage Testing Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.6 UAE Air Leakage Testing Equipment Market Size, 2018-2029
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 ATEQ
7.1.1 ATEQ Company Summary
7.1.2 ATEQ Business Overview
7.1.3 ATEQ Air Leakage Testing Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 ATEQ Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.1.5 ATEQ Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 COSMO
7.2.1 COSMO Company Summary
7.2.2 COSMO Business Overview
7.2.3 COSMO Air Leakage Testing Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 COSMO Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.2.5 COSMO Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 USON
7.3.1 USON Company Summary
7.3.2 USON Business Overview
7.3.3 USON Air Leakage Testing Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 USON Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.3.5 USON Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 HIRAYS Technology
7.4.1 HIRAYS Technology Company Summary
7.4.2 HIRAYS Technology Business Overview
7.4.3 HIRAYS Technology Air Leakage Testing Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 HIRAYS Technology Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.4.5 HIRAYS Technology Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Boyi Pneumatics
7.5.1 Boyi Pneumatics Company Summary
7.5.2 Boyi Pneumatics Business Overview
7.5.3 Boyi Pneumatics Air Leakage Testing Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Boyi Pneumatics Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Boyi Pneumatics Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Anhui Wanyi Science and Technology
7.6.1 Anhui Wanyi Science and Technology Company Summary
7.6.2 Anhui Wanyi Science and Technology Business Overview
7.6.3 Anhui Wanyi Science and Technology Air Leakage Testing Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Anhui Wanyi Science and Technology Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Anhui Wanyi Science and Technology Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Shenzhen Linglong
7.7.1 Shenzhen Linglong Company Summary
7.7.2 Shenzhen Linglong Business Overview
7.7.3 Shenzhen Linglong Air Leakage Testing Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Shenzhen Linglong Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.7.5 Shenzhen Linglong Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Shenyang Jinke
7.8.1 Shenyang Jinke Company Summary
7.8.2 Shenyang Jinke Business Overview
7.8.3 Shenyang Jinke Air Leakage Testing Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Shenyang Jinke Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.8.5 Shenyang Jinke Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Xili Instruments
7.9.1 Xili Instruments Company Summary
7.9.2 Xili Instruments Business Overview
7.9.3 Xili Instruments Air Leakage Testing Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Xili Instruments Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.9.5 Xili Instruments Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 Tianjin Euland
7.10.1 Tianjin Euland Company Summary
7.10.2 Tianjin Euland Business Overview
7.10.3 Tianjin Euland Air Leakage Testing Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Tianjin Euland Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.10.5 Tianjin Euland Key News & Latest Developments
7.11 Hefei Yuanzhi
7.11.1 Hefei Yuanzhi Company Summary
7.11.2 Hefei Yuanzhi Business Overview
7.11.3 Hefei Yuanzhi Air Leakage Testing Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 Hefei Yuanzhi Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.11.5 Hefei Yuanzhi Key News & Latest Developments
7.12 Fukuda
7.12.1 Fukuda Company Summary
7.12.2 Fukuda Business Overview
7.12.3 Fukuda Air Leakage Testing Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.12.4 Fukuda Air Leakage Testing Equipment Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.12.5 Fukuda Key News & Latest Developments
8 Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Production Capacity, 2018-2029
8.2 Air Leakage Testing Equipment Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Air Leakage Testing Equipment Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Air Leakage Testing Equipment Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Air Leakage Testing Equipment Industry Value Chain
10.2 Air Leakage Testing Equipment Upstream Market
10.3 Air Leakage Testing Equipment Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Air Leakage Testing Equipment Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer